Hackers haven’t replaced humans with AI yet, but they’re certainly trying
Cybercriminals and state-sponsored hacking groups are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI) to carry out cyberattacks or phishing campaigns.
Google first reported that attackers were testing AI tools in real-world operations in late 2025. The latest Google Threat Intelligence report suggests that experimentation is continuing and maturing.
According to Google’s Threat Intelligence Group (GTIG) and Google DeepMind, the use of AI hasn’t yet led to game-changing attacks or “breakthrough capabilities” that fundamentally alter the threat landscape.
Instead, cybercriminals, scammers, and hackers are experimenting with AI and gradually integrating the technology into their operations to improve familiar tactics, including researching potential victims, drafting phishing emails, summarizing open-source intelligence, and assisting with vulnerability analysis.
For state-sponsored threat actors from countries such as China, Iran, North Korea, and Russia, large-language models (LLMs) have become essential tools to perform so-called “distillation attacks.”
In such a scenario, a threat actor uses access to mature LLMs in an attempt to extract knowledge on hacking techniques to train a new AI model. For example, APT 31, a Chinese-based threat actor, used Google’s AI chatbot Gemini to analyze vulnerabilities and plan cyberattacks against US organizations.
“This automated intelligence gathering is used to identify technological vulnerabilities and organizational defense weaknesses. This activity explicitly blurs the line between a routine security assessment query and a targeted malicious reconnaissance operation,” the report says.
Researchers found a growing interest in so-called agentic AI utilities among threat actors to support their intrusion activities. For now, systems that are capable of automation and AI decision-making aren’t fully operational. However, in the near future, such systems could lower the barrier for less skilled attackers.
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The threat landscape is slowly shifting. This doesn’t mean businesses and organizations should immediately worry – rather, they should keep faith in traditional cybersecurity tools, such as employee awareness training, phishing detection, patch management, and strong authentication.
At the same time, cybersecurity experts may increasingly need to rely on AI-powered security tools to keep up with cybercriminals, hackers, and other threat actors who are steadily integrating AI into their operations.
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