Apple "willfully" violated order to reform App Store, US judge rules

Apple faces a possible criminal contempt probe after a US judge said it violated an order to open its lucrative App Store to more competition and misled the court.

A US federal judge ruled Wednesday that Apple violated a 2021 US court order that required the iPhone maker to allow greater competition for app downloads and payment methods in its lucrative App Store.

In an 80-page ruling, US District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers in Oakland said Apple failed to comply with her prior injunction order, which was imposed in an antitrust lawsuit brought by “Fortnite” maker Epic Games.

"Apple’s continued attempts to interfere with competition will not be tolerated," Gonzalez Rogers said. She added: "This is an injunction, not a negotiation. There are no do-overs once a party willfully disregards a court order."

Gonzalez Rogers referred Apple and one of its executives, Alex Roman, vice president of finance, to federal prosecutors for a criminal contempt investigation into their conduct in the case.

Roman gave testimony about the steps Apple took to comply with her injunction that was "replete with misdirection and outright lies," the judge wrote.

Apple "strongly disagrees" with ruling

Apple in a statement said "we strongly disagree with the decision. We will comply with the court’s order and we will appeal."

Epic Games Chief Executive Tim Sweeney called the judge’s order a significant win for developers and consumers.

“It forces Apple to compete with other payment services rather than blocking them, and this is what we wanted all along,” Sweeney told reporters.

Sweeney said Epic Games would aim to bring back Fortnite to the Apple App Store next week. Apple in 2020 had pulled Epic's account after the company let iPhone users navigate outside Apple's ecosystem for better payment deals.

Epic accused Apple of stifling competition for app downloads and overcharging commissions for in-app purchases.

Gonzalez Rogers in 2021 found Apple violated a California competition law and ordered the company to allow developers more freedom to direct app users to other payment options.

Apple failed last year to persuade the U.S. Supreme Court to strike down the injunction.

Epic Games told the court in March 2024 that Apple was “blatantly” violating the court’s order, including by imposing a new 27% fee on app developers when Apple customers complete an app purchase outside the App Store. Apple charges developers a 30% commission fee for purchases within the App Store.

Apple also began displaying messages warning customers of the potential danger of external links in order to deter non-Apple payments, Epic Games alleged, calling Apple's new system "commercially unusable."

Apple has denied any wrongdoing. The company in a court filing on March 7 told Gonzalez Rogers it undertook "extensive efforts" to comply with the injunction "while preserving the fundamental features of Apple’s business model and safeguarding consumers."

Apple and top exec could face fine, jail time

Gonzalez Rogers suggested at an earlier hearing that changes made by Apple to its App Store had no purpose “other than to stifle competition.”

In Wednesday's ruling, Gonzalez Rogers said Apple is immediately barred from impeding developers’ ability to communicate with users, and the company must not levy its new commission on off-app purchases.

She said Apple cannot ask her to pause her ruling "given the repeated delays and severity of the conduct." She took no view on whether a criminal case should be opened.

"It will be for the executive branch to decide whether Apple should be deprived of the fruits of its violation, in addition to any penalty geared to deter future misconduct," the judge wrote.

Companies found to be in criminal contempt can be subject to fines, and individuals can face jail time.

Apple said it will will ask the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to review the order.

Apple could ask the court to immediately pause Gonzalez Rogers’ order while it pursues its challenge. The appeal could move relatively quickly, since most of the complex antitrust issues in the case have already been resolved.

Apple might face a high bar in its appeal, given the extensive factual record developed by Epic at the lower court. Appeals courts can be deferential to trial judges under those circumstances.

After the 9th Circuit rules, either side can ask the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision.